ACRONYMS & Abbreviations – T

Associations, Authorities, Organizations, & Publications…

TAA – Tropical Agriculture Association: “The TAA is an international professional association of individuals, institutional/ corporate bodies and civil society organisations concerned with the role of agriculture for sustainable development throughout the world. We bring together people and organisations from developed and less developed countries to enable them.”

TAIR – “The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) collects information and maintains a database of genetic and molecular biology data for Arabidopsis thaliana, a widely used model plant.  –  TAIR is managed by the nonprofit Phoenix Bioinformatics Corporation and is supported through institutional, lab and personal subscriptions. Prior funding was provided by the National Science Foundation (Grant No. DBI-0850219). Please see the TAIR subscription page for information on how to subscribe for full access to all TAIR pages.  –  TAIR collaborates with the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (ABRC) to provide researchers with the ability to search and order stocks. The ABRC’s mission is to acquire, preserve and distribute seed and DNA resources that are useful to the Arabidopsis research community. ABRC catalog, stock and ordering pages hosted at TAIR can be accessed without a subscription.”

TCS – “The Cycad Society was started in 1977, and many of the charter members are still with the society… the board has actively strived to improve the society and increase member benefits. Two of the most important benefits of TCS membership are the Cycad Newsletter and the Cycad Society Seedbank.

TDWG – “Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG), also known as the Taxonomic Databases Working Group, is a not for profit scientific and educational association that is affiliated with the International Union of Biological Sciences.  TDWG was formed to establish international collaboration among biological database projects. TDWG promoted the wider and more effective dissemination of information about the World’s heritage of biological organisms for the benefit of the world at large. Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) now focuses on the development of standards for the exchange of biological/biodiversity data.”

TERON – a mysterious set of references to a project that seems never to have materialized…..  ”The European Community Specific Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration in the Field of Agriculture and Fisheries (Including Agro-industry, Food Technologies, Forestry, Aquaculture and Rural Development (1994-1998)”  (see residue at Dr. T. A. Quine, University of Exeter)

TES – “Dr Kumar has proposed here the establishment of an international society for ethnobotany.  Although related societies for ethnobiology and economic botany already exist, he has found that there are no international societies that place a focus on ethnobotany in their title…. For local and international research and education”

TFI – “The Fertilizer Institute is the voice of the fertilizer industry, representing the public policy, communication, stewardship and sustainability and market intelligence needs of fertilizer producers, wholesalers and retailers as well as the businesses that support them with goods and services.”

TGC – “The Garden Conservancy works to preserve and restore gardens in many ways, in both short-term and long-term partnerships, employing multiple services.  The mission of the Garden Conservancy is to save and share outstanding American gardens for the education and inspiration of the public.“ (The Garden Conservancy does not use an acronym)

TFP – “Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) — The TFP is one of four USDA-designed food plans specifying foods and amounts of foods to provide adequate nutrition. It is used as the basis for designing Food Stamp Program benefits. It is the cheapest food plan and is calculated monthly using data collected for the consumer price index (CPI). However, it is not the same as the food components of the CPI. The monthly cost of the TFP used for the Food Stamp Program represents a national average of expenditures (four-person household consisting of an adult couple and two school-age children) adjusted for other household sizes through the use of a formula reflecting economies of scale. For food stamp purposes, the TFP as priced each June sets maximum benefit levels for the fiscal year beginning the following October.” (Womach, 2005)

TNC – “The mission of The Nature Conservancy is to conserve the lands and waters on which all life depends.  Our vision is a world where the diversity of life thrives, and people act to conserve nature for its own sake and its ability to fulfill our needs and enrich our lives.”

TNPS – “Since its founding in 1978, the Tennessee Native Plant Society has helped nurture the growing interest in wildflowers and other native flora while also working to protect Tennessee’s native plant heritage and preserve it for future generations.  The society’s objectives include the education of the public about native plants and the support of efforts to protect wild plant communities. We believe that a public educated about wildflowers of the state will help to ensure the conservation of this irreplaceable resource.”

TNRS – “The Taxonomic Name Resolution Service (TNRS) is a tool for automated standardization of plant scientific names.  The TNRS corrects spelling errors and alternative spellings to a standard list of names, and converts out of date names (synonyms) to the current accepted name. The TNRS can process many names at once, saving hours of tedious and error-prone manual name correction. For names that cannot be resolved automatically, the TNRS present a list of possibilities and provides tools for researching and selecting the preferred name.  The TNRS was developed by BIEN in collaboration with The iPlant Collaborative, The Missouri Botanical Garden and many other individuals and institutions”

TPL – “At the Trust for Public Land, we don’t just save land—we save land for people to enjoy, from neighborhood parks to national parks. We depend on the ongoing support of individuals to make sure our work carries on well into the future.  Our mission is to create parks and protect land for people, ensuring healthy, livable communities for generations to come. Every park, playground, and public space we create is an open invitation to explore, wonder, discover, and play. We’re proud to say that we’ve been connecting communities to the outdoors—and to each other—since 1972. Today, millions of Americans live within a 10-minute walk of a park or natural area we helped create, and countless more visit every year.”

TROPICOS – 

TSFA –  Tennessee State Florists’ Association: “ Our members come from myriad backgrounds and locations who create, motivate, and inspire with their talent in the art of floral design.  It is to that end that TSFA volunteers and board members work tirelessly to promote growth, excellence, and inspiration for both the designers and their consumers.  It is through the combined efforts of both floral designers, sales personnel, delivery drivers, shop owners, administrators, educators, and suppliers that we are able to offer classes, business seminars, workshops, floral forums, and more.  Our eyes are not focused on where we have been, but where we intend to go.  Together we can spread joy and inspiration one floral design at a time.”

TSFA – “ The objectives of the Texas State Florists’ Association are to promote and encourage the exchange between members of ideas, principles, policies, and methods of conducting the floral business; to promote good will, educate nd promote honest dealings with outhr florists and the public; and to further generally the floral business.”

TSL – “The Sainsbury Laboratory  is a world-leading research institute working on the science of plant-microbe interactions.  The Laboratory has developed an enviable reputation for the quality of its fundamental scientific research but is also committed to delivering science solutions that reduce crop losses to important diseases.

The Sainsbury Laboratory favours daring, long-term research and has state-of-the- art technologies and support services to enable cutting-edge science. The Laboratory provides an outstanding training environment that prepares postgraduate students, postdoctoral scientists and early career project leaders to excel in their careers. Many scientists who have passed through the Laboratory have continued their careers in prestigious laboratories and institutes around the world.”

TSPB – “The Taiwan Society of Plant Biologists (TSPB) is dedicated to promoting and advancing plant biology research and enhancing networks among institutions and researchers in Taiwan.” (GPC website)

Description… Commercial, etc.

T value – “Soil loss tolerance (T value) — For a specific soil, the maximum average annual soil loss expressed as tons per acre per year that will permit current production levels to be maintained economically and indefinitely. T values range from 2 to 5 tons per acre per year. According to the 1997 national resources inventory, about 77 million acres of cropland is eroding at 2T or greater, and more than 27 million acres are eroding at more than 8T.” (Womach 2005)

TGEB – Tellicherry Garbled Extra Bold Black Pepper  – a type of pepper

TM – Traditional Medicine

typ. cons. – typus conservandus, the selected type will be conserved, regardless as to circumstances

typ. des. – typi designatio, type is being designated

Kew Plant Family Abbreviations:

TAC – Taccaceae – monocot

TAE – Taenitidaceae – dicot

TAM – Tamaricaceae – dicot

TAP** – Tapisciaceae – dicot

TAX – Taxaceae – gymnosperm

TCA – Tetracarpaeaceae – dicot

TCH – Trichopodaceae – monocot

TEA – Theaceae – dicot

TEC – Tecophilaeaceae – monocot

TEO – Theophrastaceae – dicot

TEP** – Tepuianthaceae – dicot

THA – Thalictraceae – dicot

THE** – Themidaceae – monocot

THG – Theligonaceae – dicot

THL – Thelypteridaceae – pteridophyte

THN – Thunbergiaceae – dicot

THR – Thyrsopteridaceae – pteridophyte

THS – Thismiaceae – monocot

THU – Thurniaceae – monocot

THY – Thymelaeaceae – dicot

TIC** – Ticodendraceae – dicot

TIL – Tiliaceae – dicot

TMD – Tremandraceae – dicot

TMR – Tetrameristaceae – dicot

TMS – Tmesipteridaceae – pteridophyte

TNR – Turneraceae – dicot

TOF** – Tofieldiaceae – monocot

TOR – Torricelliaceae – dicot

TOV – Tovariaceae – dicot

TPL – Trapellaceae – dicot

TPS – Triplostegiaceae – dicot

TRA – Trapaceae – dicot

TRB – Tribelaceae – dicot

TRC – Trochodendraceae – dicot

TRG – Trigoniaceae – dicot

TRI – Triuridaceae – monocot

TRL – Trilliaceae – monocot

TRM – Trimeniaceae – dicot

TRN** – Ternstroemiaceae – dicot

TRP – Tropaeolaceae – dicot

TRS** – Tristichaceae – dicot

TTC – Tetrachondraceae – dicot

TTG – Tetragoniaceae – dicot

TTM – Tetramelaceae – dicot

TTR – Tetracentraceae – dicot

TXO – Taxodiaceae – gymnosperm

TYP – Typhaceae – monocot

Genes, Control, Molecules, & Pathways…

T – 1-letter symbol for the amino acid Threonine

T-DNA

TALE – “three–amino acid loop extension” – homeodomain proteins that play significant roles in development. Permalink: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jb086jg

TATA

TCDD – Dioxin. 

TCH – gene

TCP – transcription factor genes, such as CYC and DICH

TFs – Transcription factors  control cellular processes

TFL 1 – Terminal Flower 1, a gene that “antagonizes LEAFY and APETALA” and thus thwarts flowering.  (Singer, 2018)

Thr – abbreviation for the amino acid Threonine

Ti – plasmid tumour inducing “A Ti or tumour inducing plasmid is a plasmid that often, but not always, is a part of the genetic equipment that Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes use to transduce their genetic material to plants.” (Wikipedia, 2018)

TIR – protein

TOM – transcription facto

Trp – abbreviation for the amino acid Tryptophan

t-RNA

TTSS – type III secretion system   Or for greater precision:  ““The type III secretion system (TTSS) is used by bacteria to deliver multiple effector proteins targeting host proteins leading to suppression of basal immune responses. This allows bacteria to accumulate in the plant apoplast.”  Excerpt From: Martin J. Hodson & John A. Bryant. “Functional Biology of Plants.” John Wiley & Sons, 2012-03-12. 

TWIN – gene

Tyr – abbreviation for the amino acid Tyrosine

Herbaria…

TAA – Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia 

TAD – Botanical Institute of the Tajikistan Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikistan

TAI – National Taiwan University, Herbarium, Taipei,Taiwan

TAIF – Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan

TALL – Tallinn Botanic Garden, Tallinn, Estonia 

TAM – Estonian Museum of Natural History Tallinn, Estonia 

TAMU – Biology Department Herbarium Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 

TARI – National Herbarium of Iran, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran 

TASH – National Academy of Science, Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

TAU – Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 

TBI – Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, Georgia

TCD – Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland 

TEFH – Cyril Hardy Nelson-Sutherland Herbarium, National Autonomous University of Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras 

TENN – University of Tennessee Herbarium, Knoxville, Tennessee 

TER – Indiana State University Herbarium, Terre Haute, Indiana 

TEX – Plant Resources Center University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 

TFC – Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain

THIB – Nicholls State University Herbarium, Thibodaux, Louisiana 

THRI – Ash Mountain Herbarium, Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Three Rivers, California 

TI – University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

TIC – California Department of Fish and Wildlife Herbarium, Terminal Island, California 

TK – P. N. Krylov Herbarium, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

TL – Université Paul Sabatier,Toulouse, France 

TNS – National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

TO – Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy

TPV – Prairie View A&M University Herbarium, Prairie View,Texas 

TR Museo Tridentino di Scienze Naturali Italy “Trento, Trentino” 

TRH – Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway 

TRIN – The National Herbarium of Trinidad and Tobago, St. Augustine, Trinidad 

TROM – University of Tromsoe, Tromsoe, Norway 

TRT, TRTC – Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada 

TSB – Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy Trieste 

TSM – Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Trieste, Italy

TU – University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia 

TUB – University of Tübinge, Tübingen, Germany 

TUH – Central Herbarium of Tehran University,Tehran, Iran

TUR – University of Turku, Turku, Finland 

TUS – Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan

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