Associations and Organizations…
GAGGA – “The Global Alliance for Green and Gender Action (GAGGA) brings together the Fondo Centroamericano de Mujeres (FCAM), Both ENDS and Mama Cash. With FCAM, a Central American grassroots fund based in Nicaragua with extensive experience in supporting women’s rights groups, GAGGA sets out to strengthen and unify the capabilities of grassroots groups and movements to lobby and advocate with and for women to claim their rights to water, to food and to a clean, healthy and safe environment.”
GBIF – “the Global Biodiversity Information Facility—is an international network and research infrastructure funded by the world’s governments and aimed at providing anyone, anywhere, open access to data about all types of life on Earth. GBIF arose from a 1999 recommendation by the Biodiversity Informatics Subgroup of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Megascience Forum. Its report concluded that “An international mechanism is needed to make biodiversity data and information accessible worldwide”, arguing that this mechanism could produce many economic and social benefits and enable sustainable development by providing sound scientific evidence.”
GBIS/I – Gene Bank Information System, see IPK
GCA – ”The Garden Club of America is a national leader in the fields of horticulture, conservation, and civic improvement. Founded in 1913, The Garden Club of America is a volunteer nonprofit organization comprised of 200 member clubs and approximately 18,000 club members throughout the country. GCA members passionately devote their energies and expertise to a wide array of projects in their communities and across the nation.“
GEM – The Germplasm Enhancement of Corn project involves the activity of two hundred institutions and over 30 private companies with the goal of increasing corn (maize) productivity and genetic diversity.
GFAR – Global Forum on Agricultural Research: “GFAR is the unique multi-stakeholder global forum on agricultural research and innovation. GFAR is an open, voluntary forum and a movement for change. GFAR is a networked organization, made up of Partners working together, through collective advocacy and actions, to shape the future of agriculture and food and their role in achieving sustainable development.”
GfÖ – “The GfÖ (Gesellschaft für Ökologie) is an independent, nonprofit scientific organisation founded in 1970. We aim to: promote basic and applied ecological science; encourage collaborative work of all ecological disciplines; improve communication among ecologists in German speaking countries and beyond; [and] facilitate education in ecology at universities and institutes of higher education”
GFVGA – “As the state’s number two agricultural cash crop, most Georgia fruits and vegetables are grown for the fresh market to be sold and consumed in other states. The GFVGA provides programs and services to the membership designed to increase production efficiencies, provide educational opportunities, promote new markets, monitor legislation, encourage applied research and improve communications among GFVGA members and industry suppliers. Enjoy the information available to you on this site and if you have any questions, please feel free to contact us.”
GGBN – Global Genome Biodiversity Network, with vision as: “A global network of well-managed collections of genomic samples from across the Tree of Life, benefiting society through biodiversity research, development, and conservation” and a mission “To foster collaborations among biodiversity repositories in order to ensure quality standards, improve best practices, secure interoperability, and harmonize exchange of material in accordance with national and international legislation and conventions. “
GIs – “Geographical indications — Geographical indications are place names, or words closely associated with places that are used to identify wines, spirits, and certain other, mainly food and agricultural, products. Examples include Champagne, Idaho potatoes, Roquefort cheese, Scotch whiskey, Swiss watches, or Tequila. The WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) says geographical indications in general should be protected, at least with a view to avoiding unfair competition and consumers being misled. Currently, TRIPS accords a higher level protection to geographical indications for wines and spirits (even if consumers are not misled or if using the names does not constitute an act of unfair competition). In WTO trade negotiations, some countries have proposed extending the higher level of protection to other food and agricultural products.” (Womach, 2018)
GNPS – Georgia Native Plant Society: “To promote the stewardship and conservation of Georgia’s native plants and their habitats through education and with the involvement of individuals and organizations.”
GPC – “The Global Plant Council (GPC) is a coalition of national, regional and international societies and affiliates representing plant, crop and agricultural and environmental sciences across the globe. The GPC seeks to bring together all those involved in plant and crop research, education and training, to facilitate the development of plant science for global challenges such as world hunger, energy, climate change, health and well-being, sustainability and environmental protection.”
GPC – Global Plant Clinic, the Plantwise program of CABI: “Created originally as a global resource for anyone interested in plant health, the Plantwise Knowledge Bank has become an essential tool for many professionals working each day to protect farmers against pests. This is an online and offline gateway to actionable plant health information and services – from pest diagnostic search tools to maps of pest locations and customized alerts on pest news about your area. It combines global and local open access data from leading experts working around the world in a dynamic and easily searchable way, so answers can become actions.”
GPCP – “Great Plains Conservation Program (GPCP) — This program, initiated in 1957, provided cost share and technical assistance to apply conservation on entire farms in 10 Great Plains states from the Dakotas and Montana to Texas and New Mexico. It was replaced by the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) in the 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104-127).” (Womach, 2018)
GPNPS – Great Plains Native Plant Society: “Mission: To engage in scientific research regarding plants of the Great Plains of North America; To carry on the scientific work begun by Claude Barr of Prairie Gem Ranch, Smithwick, South Dakota, which is to pursue greater knowledge, appreciation and understanding of the Great Plains of North America; To disseminate this knowledge through the creation of one or more educational botanic gardens of plants of the Great Plains, featuring but not limited to Barr’s discoveries; & To engage in any educational activities which may further public familiarity with plants of the Great Plains, their uses and enjoyment.”
GPPRCG – Green Plant PhylogenyResearch Coordination Group “The green plants provide food, shelter, and medicines and represent one of evolution’s great success stories. Their morphological and chemical diversity, and ecological dominance, are paramount among life’s lineages. An improved understanding of their phylogeny will not only allow the intellectual satisfaction of discovering the “roots” of this major component of the world’s biotic diversity, but will have important practical benefits as well. A well-supported and detailed phylogenetic framework is critical to the solution of major open questions such as the evolutionary origin of multicellularity, diversification of life-history strategies, the conquest of land, the nature of the relationship between ontogeny and phylogeny, and modes of evolution at the molecular level. Addressing a phylogenetic study of this enormous scale has also necessitated improvements in data handling and analysis that have broad applicability to phylogenetic studies of other organisms.”
Considerable preliminary data were available, and we were clearly poised back in 1994 for rapid progress in this area due to recent technological, theoretical, and computational improvements. However, several obstacles remained. No mechanism existed for attacking this major effort in a cooperative, coordinated manner. Certain groups were over-studied, other groups nearly unknown. Data sets derived from different molecules and different morphological character systems rarely included the same basic taxa, thus they couldn’t be compared. Current analytical software, and the concepts behind it, needed improvements to handle analyses of this size and complexity, as did data storage and retrieval software. Standards for maintaining and adding to phylogenetic data bases, both morphological and molecular, needed to be discussed and then implemented.
GRAS – “Generally recognized as safe — A regulatory category created for a group of food additives that were exempted from the more rigorous regulatory requirements for food additives in the 1958 Food Additives Amendment (P.L. 85-929)to the Food Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1938 (21 U.S.C. 321 et seq.). A substance is accorded GRAS status if qualified experts generally agree that science has shown it to be safe in food under the conditions of its intended use.” (Womach, 2018)
GRIN – “In 1990, the U.S. Congress authorized establishment of a National Genetic Resources Program (NGRP). It is the NGRP’s responsibility to: acquire, characterize, preserve, document, and distribute to scientists, germplasm of all lifeforms important for food and agricultural production. The Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) web server provides germplasm information about plants, animals, microbes and invertebrates. This program is within the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service.” See also NGRAC, NGRP) (Womach, 2005)
GRP – “Grasslands Reserve Program (GRP) — The 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171, Sec 2401), authorizes enrollment of 2 million acres of restored or improved grassland, range land and pastureland under temporary and permanent easements, or contracts of at least 10 years. Enrolled land must be in parcels that exceed 40 acres. Technical assistance is provided to restore grasslands, with funding from the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). It also provides cost sharing payments at 75% to restore disturbed grasslands and 90% to protect virgin grasslands. (Womach, 2018) [www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/GRP].
GSC – “The Genetics Society of China (GSC) is an independent, national non-profit organization engaged in genetics teaching and research. The purpose of the Society is to unite and be a point of contact for all members working in the field of genetics, to promote the prosperity and development of genetics, to promote the popularization of genetics and genetics education in Chinese culture, to develop talent, and to enhance and promote the integration of science, technology and economy in China.” (GPC website)
GSFA – “The purpose of Georgia State Florists’ Association is four fold: To educate individuals within the industry; To lend credibility to the floral industry through certification and continuing education; To provide an industry specific networking venue for the members and floral associates interested in GSFA; [and] To provide recognition for those who give of themselves, their knowledge and their vision to the industry and the association.”
GSPC – “An international initiative for plant conservation was first proposed at the International Botanical Congress in 1999. A concerned group of botanists (the Gran Canaria Group) took the idea forward and developed the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) which, in 2002 was adopted by the world’s governments as a programme under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). “
As the GSPC states: “Without plants, there is no life. The functioning of the planet, and our survival, depends on plants. The Strategy seeks to halt the continuing loss of plant diversity.”
Kew Plant Family Abbreviations:
GAR – Garryaceae – dicot
GCD – Glaucidiaceae – dicot
GEL** – Gelsemiaceae – dicot
GEN – Gentianaceae – dicot
GEO – Geosiridaceae – monocot
GER – Geraniaceae – dicot
GGR – Gymnogrammitaceae – pteridophyte
GIS* – Gisekiaceae – dicot
GLB – Globulariaceae – dicot
GLC – Gleicheniaceae – pteridophyte
GMD* – Grammitidaceae – pteridophyte
GMM – Grammitaceae – pteridophyte
GNE – Gnetaceae – gymnosperm
GNK – Ginkgoaceae – gymnosperm
GNN – Gunneraceae – dicot
GNS – Gonostylaceae – dicot
GOD – Goodeniaceae – dicot
GOM – Gomortegaceae – dicot
GOU – Goupiaceae – dicot
GRB – Grubbiaceae – dicot
GRI** – Griseliniaceae – dicot
GRM – Gramineae – monocot
GRS – Grossulariaceae – dicot
GRY – Greyiaceae – dicot
GSL – Geissolomataceae – dicot
GSN – Gesneriaceae – dicot
GTZ – Goetzeaceae – dicot
GUT – Guttiferae – dicot
GYR – Gyrostemonaceae – dicot
Description, Structure, Classification, Ecology, Cultivation….
G – in floral formulae, Gynoecium (collective for pistils)
GAP – Good Agricultural Practices “Good Agricultural Practices Guide (GAP Guide). The original Good Agricultural Practices Guide was developed as a joint project by members of the International Organisation of Spice Trade Associations (IOSTA). The ASTA Guide is based on that document, updated in 2016 to reflect U.S. regulations and issues specific to exporting to the U.S. Use of this GAP Guide will assist those in the spice supply chain in understanding their responsibilities to provide clean, safe spice to consumers. “
GSOB – Gold-spotted Oak Borer
GWSS – Glassy-winged Sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) “GWSS feeds on plants through straw-like mouthparts inserted into the xylem tissue which conducts water throughout the plant. Because nutrients are diluted in xylem fluid, GWSS must process large volumes to meet nutritional needs. Thus, this pest produces copious amounts of watery excreta and are a social nuisance as the liquid rains down from large populations feeding on ornamental trees. In infested citrus orchards, tree canopies take on a white-washed appearance by mid-summer due to the buildup of residues after the evaporation of this watery excreta. Even more important is the capacity for the GWSS to acquire and spread a plant pathogenic bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa. Different strains of this bacterium induce severe diseases in many agricultural and ornamental plants. The best known of these maladies is Pierce’s disease of grapevines. In southern California, GWSS spreads the Pierce’s disease bacterium and a new strain of X. fastidiosa that induces a lethal disease of oleander named oleander leaf scorch. Other crops at risk include almonds (almond leaf scorch), and alfalfa (alfalfa dwarf), which are infected by the same strain of X.f. that induces Pierce’s disease, and potentially other ornamental and fruit trees.” (Quoted from the CISR website, March 2018)
Genes, Control, Molecules, & Pathways…
G – 1-letter symbol for the amino acid Glycine
GA – hormone
GA-MYB
GARC
GENOMES UNCOUPLED (GUN)
Gh – Gossypium hirsutum, as noted in citation of genes, proteins, viruses, etc.
GFP – Green Fluorescent Protein… “a protein composed of 238 amino acid residues (26.9 kDa) that exhibits bright green fluorescence when exposed to light in the blue to ultraviolet range.[2][3] Although many other marine organisms have similar green fluorescent proteins, GFP traditionally refers to the protein first isolated from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria…. In cell and molecular biology, the GFP gene is frequently used as a reporter of expression.[5] It has been used in modified forms to make biosensors…” Wikipedia, 2018
GID
GIGANTEA (GI) – https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/gigantea
GISH – Genomic in situ hybridization, a technique that allows painting and distinguishing of parental genomes in interspecific hybrids.
Gln – abbreviation for the amino acid Glutamine
GLOBOSA (GLO)
Glu – abbreviation for Glutamic acid
Gly – abbreviation for the amino acid Glycine
GM
Gm – Glycine max, as referenced in citations of proteins, genes, viruses, etc., i.e. GmMYB-G20-1
GMO – Genetically-modified organism
GNA – Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (gene and protein, a lectin)
GNOM
GOGAT
GPX
GSH
GURTs – “Genetic use restriction technologies — A group of complex genetic transformations that insert a genetic “off switch” in plants to prevent the unauthorized practice of replanting saved seed and thus benefitting from unique genetic traits without providing any return to the company that created them. (i.e. Terminator seeds — A descriptive term for seeds that have been genetically engineered to produce a crop whose first generation produces sterile seeds, thus preventing a second generation from being grown from seeds saved from the first. This technology was developed under a cooperative research and development agreement between the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and a private seed company. Supporters of the technology state that it is a way to build patent protection directly into high-value, genetically engineered crop varieties and thus recoup high research investment costs. Opponents maintain that the technology unfairly disadvantages farmers in developing countries who rely on saved seed for replanting and for developing locally adapted varieties, and also has potentially harmful environmental and public health effects.” (Womach, 2018)
GV – Gentian Violet
Herbaria…
G – Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
GABAS – Centre d’Étude et de Conservation des Resources Végétales, Bayonne, France
GAP – Conservatoire Botanique National Alpin, Gap, France
GAS – Georgia Southern University Herbarium, Statesboro, Georgia
GAT – Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany
GB – Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
GC – University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
GCNP – Grand Canyon National Park Museum Collection Herbarium, Grand Canyon, Arizona
GDOR – Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria, Genoa, Italy
GE – Università di Genova Italy Genoa
GENT – Gent University, Ghent, Belgium
GEO – Emory University Herbarium, Atlanta, Georgia
GESU – State University of New York Herbarium, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo ,New York
GFW – University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
GGB – Gesneriad Gardens Herbarium, Longmont, Colorado
GJO – Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria
GLA – Ted Baim Herbarium, George Landis Arboretum, Esperance, New York
GLEN – Rappahannock Community College Herbarium, Glenns, Virginia
GLM – Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Görlitz, Germany
GMS – Gilbert M. Smith Herbarium, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California
GMUF – Ted R. Bradley Herbarium, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
GOD – Charterhouse School Museum Herbarium (nee Godalming, England) Berkeley, California
GOET-University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
GRA – Schonland Herbarium Albany Museum, Grahamstown, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
GRCH – George R. Cooley Herbarium, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York
GRI – Grinnell College Herbarium, Grinnel,l Iowa
GRJC – Grand Rapids Junior College Herbarium, Grand Rapids, Michigan
GRM – Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Grenoble, Grenoble France
GRO – State University of Groningen, Haren, Netherlands
GSMNP – Great Smoky Mountains National Park Herbarium, Gatlinburg, Tennessee
GSW – Georgia Southwestern State University Herbarium, Americus, Georgia
GVSC – Grand Valley State University Herbarium, Allendale, Michigan
GZU – Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Graz, Austria
Link to the Page: https://botanyincontext.com/acronyms-abbreviations-g/